Computers can determine IP addresses from MAC addresses using DHCP and formerly other protocols like RAddress Resolution Protocol and Address Resolution Protocol. DHCP Manages network configuration by registering and updating IP addresses and DNS names.
There is no universal mechanism for an end user to determine an IP address given a known MAC address, although it can be done in certain specific situations. The Address Resolution Protocol (Formerly known as ARP) allows a host to find the MAC address of a node with an IP address on the same physical network, when given the node’s IP address. To make Address Resolution Protocol efficient, each computer caches IP-to-MAC address mappings to eliminate repetitive Address Resolution Protocol broadcast requests.
The Address Resolution Protocol tool allows a user to view and modify Address Resolution Protocol table entries on the local computer. The Address Resolution Protocol command is useful for viewing the Address Resolution Protocol cache and resolving address resolution problems.
Some corporate networks solve the problem of universal MAC-to-IP address mapping by installing special management software agents on all computers. These software systems, based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which includes a capability called network discovery. These systems forward messages out to the agent on every network device a request for both the IP and MAC addresses of that device. The system receives then stores the results in a master table separate from any individual Address Resolution Protocol cache.
With Internet Protocol, network discovery is often implemented using ping commands and internet Control Message protocol (ICMP) messages. Pinging a remote device from any client will trigger an Address Resolution Protocol cache update. Typically this update occurs only in the Address Resolution Protocol cache of the LAN routers and not on the originating client.
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